Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken-heart syndrome) in differential diagnosis of chest pain

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (also called stress induced cardiomyopathy, apical ballooning, or broken heart syndrome) was first described in Japan 20 years ago. It is typically precipitated by acute emotional stress, hence the names “stress cardiomyopathy” or “broken-heart syndrome.”



Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterised by acute, reversible left ventricular dysfunction in a distribution,which does not correlate with the coronary artery blood supply. The left ventricular dysfunction occurs without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and usually resolves spontaneously over a period of weeks.



The characteristic appearances on contrast angiography include:

- ballooned apical segment

- hypercontractile basal portion of the left ventricle

The appearances are reminiscent of the design of the traditional fishing pot used in Japan to trap octopus, hence the descriptive term "tako-tsubo" cardiomyopathy (octopus trap, tako tsubo). Such a trap, no more than simple ceramic jar, take advantage of the octopus’ preference for small, enclosed spaces and the security they seem to promise. They are simply left on the seabed and gathered later after octopi have had time to occupy them.



Although Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was initially considered rare, it could possibly be responsible for 1-2% of admissions for acute coronary syndrome in industrialised countries.

"Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Caught on Tape" - Jems.com YouTube channel.



References:

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Banning et al. 340: c1272, BMJ.

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, or Broken-Heart Syndrome. SS Virani et al, Tex Heart Inst J. 2007; 34(1): 76–79.

Morikami museum.

Image source: Octopus trap, tako tsubo, Morikami museum.